Selection criteria in relation to pork carcasses quality

Abstract

The paper presents the effect of various selection criteria (Landrace, Yorkshire - productive dairy breed and Hampshire - terminal) on the carcasses quality, as well as differences between sex in regard to distribution of meat, fat and bones. The study included 210 randomly selected pig carcasses at commercial farms, classified by breed and sex. Carcass dissection was carried out according to the model of EU 1992. The percentage of meat in fertile breeds carcasses was 2.04% lower (55.02%), compared to the terminal breed (57.06%). Comparing the proportion of muscle tissue in carcasses of male and female animals, there was determined a statistically significant difference (P0.05) in percentage of meat between two fertile breeds (Landrace and Yorkshire). A statistically significant difference (P<0.05) between fertile and terminal Hampshire breeds was determined. Sex and breed had highly significant impact on the amount of meat in the carcasses. Also, sex had a significantly influenced the amount of fat, while breed significantly influenced the amount of bone in carcasses. The largest and most important part of the carcass is a leg with a share of 29.17% in male and 29.17% in female animals. Data collection on the slaughter line as well as knowledge of slaughterhouses properties are basic conditions for work on genetic improvement of pig carcass quality. Quality rating of pigs on the slaughter line and price formation is a prerequisite for establishing trust between farmers and slaughterhouses. Mutual interest lies also in profit, so farmers will earn more carrying out meatiness selection while slaughterhouses will buy cattle with more meat of optimal quality.

U radu je prikazan efekat različitih kriterijuma selekcije (landras i jorkšir – plodne tj. mlečne rase i hempšir – terminalna) na važnija svojstva kvaliteta polutki, kao i razlike između polova u pogledu distribucije tkiva – mesa, masti i kosti. Istraživanje je uključilo 210 slučajno izabranih svinjskih polutki na komercijalnim farmama, razvrstane po rasi i polu. Disekcija polutki izvedena je po modelu EU 1992. Procenat mesa u polutkama plodnih rasa bio je za 2,04% manji (55,02%) u odnosu na terminalnu (57,06%). Poređenjem udela mišićnog tkiva u polutkama muških i ženskih životinja, utvrđena je statistički značajna razlika (P0,05) u procentu mesa između dve plodne rase (landras i jorkšir), dok je ustanovljena statistički značajna razlika (P<0,05) između dve plodne i terminalne rase hempšira. Pol i rasa imali su vrlo značajan uticaj na količinu mesa u polutkama. Uticaj pola na količinu masti bio je značajan, dok je rasa imala veoma značajan uticaj na količinu kosti u trupu. Najveći i najvažniji deo u polutki čini but sa udelom od 29,17% u muških i 29,54% u ženskih životinja. Prikupljanjem podataka na liniji klanja i poznavanjem varijabilnosti klaničnih svojstava osnovni su uslovi za rad na genetskom poboljšanju kvaliteta svinjskih polutki. Ocena kvaliteta svinja i formiranje cena na liniji klanja preduslov je uspostavljanje poverenja između farmera i klaničara. Motiv ovakvih odnosa je i profit, jer će farmeri, vršeći selekciju na mesnatost, zarađivati više novca na uštedi u hrani, dok će klaničari kupovati grla sa više mesa optimalnog kvaliteta.