Prebiotici - savremena strategija u stimulaciji rasta životinja

Abstract

Da bi se postiglo pove(anje proizvodnje i poboljšanje kvaliteta namirnica animalnog porekla, pored osnovnih hraniva u smeše se dodaje veliki broj aditiva koji imaju razli'ite namene. Poslednju deceniju karakteriše ispitivanje mogućnosti stimulacije rasta korišćenjem fizioloških potencijala i mehanizama životinja. Prebiotici predstavljaju nesvarljive sastojke hrane koji povoljno deluju na domaćina selektivno stimulišući rast i/ili aktivnost jedne ili ograničenog broja vrsta bakterija u digestivnom traktu, čime poboljšavaju zdravstveno stanje domaćina. Prebiotici direktno stižu u kolon domaćina, poseduju sposobnost da se selektivno fermentišu i pomažu održavanju eubioze, prvenstveno korišćenjem od strane poželjne mikroflore i povećanjem ekskrecije nepoželjne mikroflore fecesom. Pored lokalnog, prebiotici mogu ispoljiti i sistemski, imunomodulatorni efekat. Povećanje imunološkog odgovora je uglavnom rezultat dejstva prebiotika na makrofage i monocite i ogleda se u stimulisanju fagocitoze, oslobađanju arahidonske kiseline, leukotriena, interleukina, interferona i tumor nekrozis faktora. Na opisane načine prebiotici doprinose povećanoj vitalnosti životinja, smanjenju gubitaka i poboljšanju iskorišćavanja hrane, Čime se postižu optimalni proizvodni rezultati i povoljan ekonomski efekat pa već duže vreme u svetu predstavljaju integralni deo mnogih industrijski proizvedenih smeša za ishranu životinja.

In order to achieve increase in production and improving the quality of foodstuffs of animal origin, beside of the basic nutrients a large number of additives, which have a variety of purpose, is added in to a feed mixtures. The last decade is characterized by the examination of possibilities for stimulating the use of physiological potential and mechanisms of animals. Prebiotics are indigestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selective stimulation of the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of species of bacteria in the digestive tract, which enhance the health of the host. Prebiotics are delivered directly to the colon of the host and have the ability to be selectively fermented and thereby they help in maintaining of eubiosis, primarily being used by desirable microflora and increasing excretion of undesirable microflora throughout feces. Beside the local, prebiotics may exhibit systemic immunomodulatory effect. Increase of the immune response is mainly due to the prebiotic effects on macrophages and monocytes, and is reflected by stimulation of phagocytosis, the release of arachidonic acid, leukotriene, interleukins, interferons and tumor necrosis factors. On the basis of described mode of action, prebiotics contribute to the increased vitality of the animals, reduce losses and improve feed efficiency, thus achieving optimal production results and a favorable economic effect and because of that, for a long time, in the world, they represent an integral part of many industrially produced feed mixtures.