Uporedne karakteristike potkolenih kostiju (Ossa cruris) srne (Capreolus capreolus) i ovce (Ovis aries) u cilju utvrđivanja pripadnosti životinjskoj vrsti

Abstract

Česti su slučajevi krivolova u kojima je potrebno na osnovu morfoloških karakteristika kostiju utvrditi kojoj životinjskoj vrsti pripadaju. Metodom komparacije obavljena je forenzička analiza osteoloških karakteristika kostiju srne i ovce. Za ispitivanje uporednih karakteristika potkolenih kostiju (Ossa cruris) upotrebljeno je 6 potkolenih kostiju od srne i 8 od ovce. Kada je sa kostiju skinuta koža, mišići, arterijski, venski i limfni sudovi, nervi, one se termički obrađuju u autoklavu. Posle kuvanja, kosti su stavljene u 3% rastvor vodonik peroksida (H2O2) radi beljenja i odmašćivanja. Sušene su prirodnim putem na vazduhu, a zatim su fotografisane. Golenjača (Tibia) kod srne je duža u odnosu na ovcu. Lisnjača (Fibula) kod mladih srna je slabo razvijena, kod starijih predstavlja tanku izduženu koščicu, dok je kod ovce zakržljala. Na proksimalnom delu golenjače obe zglobne kvrge (Condylus lateralis et condylus medialis) kod ovce su veće, masivnije i bolje razvijene nego kod srne. Incisura poplitea kod srne je široka i plitka, a kod ovce široka i duboka. Kod ovce, Eminentia intercondylaris je više uzdignuta i strma, a Tuberculum intercondylare laterale et mediale su bolje razvijeni i masivniji. Margo cranialis kod ovce je duži. Tuberositas tibiae kod srne je duži i uži, dok je kod ovce kraći i širi. Sulcus extensorius kod srne je širi i plići, a kod ovce je uži i dublji. Morfološke razlike u distalnom delu golenjače (Cochlea tibiae) kod srne i ovce skoro i ne postoje.

Ilegal hunting cases, when it is needed to determine animal species on the basis of only morphological characteristics of animals are very frequent. Forensic analysis of roe deer and sheep osteological features was performed by the method of comparison. For the purpose of investigating comparative characteristics of leg skeleton (Skeleton cruris), bones of 6 roe deer and bones of 6 sheep were used. After the skin, muscles, arterial, venous and lymphatic vessels as well as nerves were removed from the bones, they were boiled. Subsequently, bones were placed in 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) for bleaching and degreasing. At the end, they were air dried and finally, photographed. The tibia (Tibia) of roe deer is longer compared to the same bone in sheep. The fibula (Fibula) in young roe deer is less developed, but in adult animals it is a thin and elongated bone, while in sheep it is completely reduced. At the proximal end of tibia both condyles (Condylus lateralis et Condylus medialis) in sheep are larger, more massive and better developed than in roe deer. The popliteal notch (Incisura poplitea) in roe deer is wide and shallow, and in sheep wide and deep. The intercondylar eminence (Eminentia intercondylaris) in sheep is elevated and steep, but lateral and medial intercondylar tubercles (Tuberculum intercondylare laterale et mediale) are more developed and more massive in comparison to roe deer. The cranial border of the tibia (Margo cranialis) in sheep is longer than in roe deer. The tibial tuberosity (Tuberositas tibiae) of roe deer tibia is longer and narrower, while in sheep it is shorter and wider. The extensor groove (Sulcus extensorius) in roe deer is wider and shallower, and in sheep is narrower and deeper. Morphological differences in the distal end of the tibia (Cochlea tibiae) in roe deer and sheep almost don’t exist.