Značaj vakcinacije u prevenciji stafilokoknih mastitisa krava

Abstract

Zapaljenje vimena ili mastitis kod krava je akutno ili hronično zapaljenje izvodnih kanala, parenhima ili intersticijuma jedne ili više četvrti vimena krava. Mastitis se definiše kao odgovor mlečne žlezde na prisustvo mikroorganizama. Mastitisi predstavljaju veliki zdravstveni i ekonomski problem u zapatima visokomlečnih krava, a mogu se javiti u kliničkoj formi (klinički mastitis) sa raširenošću 1–3% i u subkliničkoj formi (subklinički mastitis) sa raširenošću više od 30%. Staphylococcus aureus izaziva teške akutne mastitise veoma često sa promenom opšteg stanja, ali i subkliničke forme mastitisa. Terapija ovog mastitisa ne daje uvek zadovoljavajuće rezultate, pa je vakcinacija jedan od mogućih pristupa u rešavanju ovog problema. Stafilokoke su veoma slabi antigeni, što dodatno onemogućava i otežava pronalazak efikasne vakcine. U literaturi su opisani različiti pristupi pripreme vakcine protiv mastitisa izazvanog S. aureusom. Vakcina može da sadrži inaktivisane bakterije S. aureus, alfa i beta toksoide, proteina A i fibronectin-binding protein kao moguće antigene u aktivaciji aktivnog imunološkog odgovora. Imunizovanje mlečne žlezde gde se kao antigen koristi inkorporisan lizat S. aureus u biodegradabilne parikule koje imaju funkciju stimulacije produkcije i opsonizacije antitela, još je jedan od načina pripreme vakcine. Vakcina pripremljena od ekstracelularne komponente S. aureus SA2H (slime associated antigen complex SAAC) pokazala je zadovoljavajuće rezultate. Noviji pristupi pripremi vakcine ukazuju da se kao antigen može koristiti clamping faktor A (ClfA) Staphylococcus aureusa, kao i deo membrane površinskog proteina koji se zove rTRAP (rekombinantni Target RNAIII Activating Protein) koji je sastavni deo proteina 167 AA patogenih sojeva stafilokoka. Imunoprofilaksa omogućava moderan pristup u rešavanju mastitisa izazvanih sa S. aureus, smanjenu upotrebu antibiotika u terapiji, a samim tim i smanjeno odbacivanje mleka zbog rezidua antibiotika.

Inflammation of the udder and mastitis in cows is an acute or chronical inflammation duct, parenchymal or interstitial one or more udder quarters. Mastitis is defined as the response of the mammary gland in the presence of microorganisms. Mastitis represent a major health and economic problem in herds of high yielding dairy cows but may occur in clinical form (clinical mastitis) the prevalence of 1-3% and in the subclinical form (sub-clinical mastitis) and the prevalence of more than 30%. Staphylococcus aureus causes severe acute mastitis often with a change in general condition, as well as subclinical mastitis. Treatment of mastitis does not always produce satisfactory results, but vaccination is one of the possible approaches to solving this problem. Staphylococci are very poor antigens, which further prevents and hinders the present invention effective vaccines. In the literature are described different approaches to the preparation of a vaccine against mastitis caused by S. aureus. The vaccine may also comprise inactivated S. aureus, beta and alpha toxoid, protein A and fibronectinbinding protein as a possible antigen in the activation of the active immune response. Immunization of the mammary gland which is used as an antigen is incorporated in the lysate of S. aureus biodegradable microspheres which is beneficial for production and stimulation of opsonization of an antibody is one of the ways of preparing vaccines. The vaccine was prepared from the extracellular components of S. aureus SA2H (slimeassociated antigen complex SAAC) showed satisfactory results. Recent approaches in the preparation of vaccines indicate that the antigen can be used as a clamping factor A (ClfA) of Staphylococcus aureus, as well as part of the membrane protein called rTRAP (recombinant Target RNAIII Activating Protein) which is a constituent part 167 AA protein of pathogenic strains of staphylococci. Immunoprophylaxis to modern approach to the solution of mastitis caused by S. aureus, reduced use antibiotics in therapy, and reduced rejection milk because of the antibiotic residues.