Autohtone rase živine u Srbiji: stanje i mogućnost održivog uzgoja i proizvodnje

Abstract

Poultry farming has been intensively developing in Serbia since the mid-20th century. Since then, poultry production has been based on the use of highproductive hybrids, while autochthonous breeds have been limited to individual households due to poorer production characteristics. This has led to the fact that all indigenous breeds become endangered and that their populations include about a dozen to one hundred individuals. The need to preserve the genome, as well as to raise consumer awareness of the quality of products (meat, eggs) obtained from highly selective individuals exploited in farm conditions, has led to the need for developing programs for the preservation of indigenous poultry breeds. In our country, the most important autochthonous breeds of poultry are Somborska kaporka and Banatski gološijan.

Živinarstvo se u Srbiji intenzivno razvijalo od polovine XX veka. Od tada, živinarska proizvodnja se bazira na korišćenju visokoproduktivnih linijskih hibrida, dok su autohtone rase zbog lošijih proizvodnih svojstava ostale ograničene na individualna domaćinstva. To je dovelo do toga da sve autohtone rase postanu ugrožene i da njihove populacije spadnu na desetak do sto jedinki. Potreba za očuvanjem genofonda, kao i podizanje svesti potrošača o kvalitetu proizvoda (mesa, jaja) koji se dobijaju od visokoselekcionisanih jedinki eksploatisanih u farmskim uslovima držanja, dovela je do potrebe za razvojem programa očuvanja autohtonih rasa živine. U našoj zemlji, najznačajnije autohtone rase živine su somborska kaporka i banatski gološijan.