Utvrđivanje sastojaka animalnog porekla u hrani za životinje - zašto i kako?

Abstract

Sastojci životinjskog porekla u hrani za zivotinje predstavtjaju idealan izvor esencijalnih aminokisetina. Medutim, sa izbijanjem bovine spongiformne encefatopatije, njihova upotreba se u ishrani farmskih životinja zabranjuje ili stavtja pod strogu kontrolu. IJ srbiji 2006. godine počinje redovan monitoring hrane za životinje metodom ktasične svetlosne mikroskopije propisan Pravilnikom o utvrdivanju Programa mera zdravstvene zaštite zivotinja. Prema trenutno vazećem Pravilniku o utvrđivanju mera ranog otkrivanja i dijagnostike zarazne bolesti transmisivnih spongioformnih encefalopatija (Sl. glasnik 96/10, 33/16, 54/19), kod farmskih životinja je dozvoljena upotreba ribtjeg brasna u ishrani svinja i živine, kao i u zamenama mleka za telad. U akvakulturi se korlsfe i hraniva poreklom od kopnenih vrsta životinja, izuzev od prezivara, a za određivanje vrste životinja primenjuje se realtime PCR metoda. Jedno od najracionalnijih rešenja za korišćenje sporednih proizvoda animalnog porekla ie njihovo ponovno uključivanje u lanac ishrane. Zato je u Evropskoj uniji od 2021. godine dozvoljena upotreba sastojaka poreklom od svinja u obrocima za zivinu i poreklom od živine u obrocima za svinje. lnsekti kao izvor proteina postaju takođe sve aktuelnija tema. Sve protokole i metode kontrole propisuje EU Referentna laboratorija za animalne proteine u hrani za životinje, sa ciljem zadovoljenja zahteva bezbednosti, ali i ispitivanja autentičnosti i deklaracija i otkrivanja prevarnih radnji.

Ingredients of animal origin in feed represent an ideal source of essential amino acids. However, with the outbreak of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, their use is prohibited, or placed under strict control. In Serbia, regular monitoring of animal feed began in 2006, using the method of classical light microscopy. lt is prescribed by the regulation on the "Program of Animal Health Protection Measures." According to the current regulation on the "Measures for Early Detection and Diagnosis of the Infectious Disease of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies" (Official Gazette 96/10,33/16, 54119), the use of fish meal for farm animals is allowed in the diet of pigs and poultry, as well as in milk substitutes, for calves. In aquaculture, feeds originating from terrestrial animal species are also used, except from ruminants, and the real time PCR method is used to detect the animal species. One of the most rational solutions for using by-products of animal origin is their re-inclusion in the food chain. That's why in the European Union, from 2021, the use of ingredients of pig origin in poultry rations and of poultry origin in pig rations is allowed. Insects as a source of protein are also becoming an increasing topic. All protocols and control methods are prescribed by the EU Reference Laboratory for Animal Proteins in Feeding stuffs, with the aim of meeting safety requirements, but also testing the authenticity and declarations and detecting fraudulent actions.