Zdravstveno stanje i biosigurnost krava holštajn-frizijske rase u puerperijumu

Abstract

Intenzivan uzgoj goveda obuhvata čitav niz tehnoloških postupaka koji treba da omoguće kontinuiranu proizvodnju i optimalno korišćenje proizvodnih kapaciteta. Kod visoko mlečnih kava metabolički poremećaji kao što su ketoza, sindrom masne jetre, puerperalna pareza, acidoza buraga, laminitis, su posledica uticaja mnogih činilaca, kao što su neizbalnsirana ishrana, loši uslovi držanja i nege. Profilaksa metaboličkih poremećaja se obavlja ishranom koja treba da bude usklađena prema proizvodnom obroku i proizvodnoj kategoriji uz kontrolu zdravlja krava. Biosigurnost, dobrobit, dobra proizvođačka praksa i analiza rizika u kritičnim kontrolnim tačkama su veoma značajni elementi u intenzivnoj govedarskoj proizvodnji. Planska primena biosigurnosnih mera presudna je u zaštiti zdravlja goveda i uspeha same proizvodnje. Preporuka je da se stalno izgradjuje svest zaposlenih o stvarnoj potrebi zaštite proizvodnje u celini, da postoji aktivan odnos prema postojećim pretnjama i da preduzete mere predstavljaju ključ uspeha u osmišljavanju i pripremi planova biosigurnosti za svaku konkretnu situaciju odnosno farmu visoko mlečnih krava. Cilj ovog predavanja je da se da prikaz zdravstvenog stanja krava u puerprijumu i da se ukaže na značajnost procene biosigurnosnih mera na farmama visoko mlečnih krava.

Intensive cattle breeding includes a number of technological procedures that should enable continuous production and optimal use of production capacities. By cows with high milk productin, metabolic disorders such as ketosis, fatty liver syndrome, puerperal paresis, rumen acidosis, laminitis, are due to the influence of many factors, such as unbalanced diet, poor posture and care. Prophylaxis of metabolic disorders is performed with a diet that should be harmonized according to the production meal and production category with the control of cow health. Biosecurity, wellfare, good manufacturing practice and risk analysis at critical control points are very important elements in intensive cattle production. Planned application of biosecurity measures is crucial in protecting cattle health and the success of production itself. The recommendation is to constantly build the awareness of employees about the real need to protect production as a whole, to have an active attitude towards existing threats and that the measures taken are the key to success in designing and preparing biosecurity plans for each situation or high dairy farm. The aim of this lecture is to present the health status of cows in the puerprium and to point out the importance of assessing biosecurity measures on farms of dairy cows.