Biosigurnost i zdravstvena zaštita na komercijalnim farmama svinja

Abstract

Na komercijalnim faramama svinja, zdravstvena zaštita pojedinačnih životinja sve više gubi na značaju. U današnjim uslovima, kada je prusutna velika koncentracija životinja na relativno malom prostoru, takvo stanje zahteva zdravstvenu zaštitu na nivou cele farme. Poznata je važnost biosigurnosnih mera u svinjarstvu, koje imaju za cilj da spreče unošenje patogena na farmu i širenje infekcije unutar same farme. Naime, prisutnost različitih uzgojnih bolesti, baketrijske ili virusne etiologije, dovodi do pada proizvodnih rezultata i zahteva dodatni napor zaposlenih na farmi, uz povećan utrošak lekova, što posledično umanjuje ekonomsku dobit farme. Prihvaćeno je da ključni element, u sprovođenju biosigurnosnih mera, predstavlja spremnost zaposlenih na farmi da sprovedu mere koje će sa visokom sigurnošću obezbediti zaštitu od unošenja i širenja patogena na farmi. Sprovođenje ovih mera zahteva poznavanje zdravstvenog statusa svinja. Jedan od najčešćih faktora rizika je kupovina nerastova, nazimica ili odlučene prasadi nepoznatog zdravstvenog statusa. Stabilizovanju zdravstvenog statusa svinja, pored već pomenutih mera, doprinose i programi vakcinacije. Promocija dobrog zdravlja svinja na komercijalnim farmama obuhvata primenu sistema profilaktičkih mera, pored dobrog odabira rase, osmišljenosti veličine zapata i načina primene biotehnoloških mera u procesu proizvodnje.

On commercial pig farms, the health care of individual animals is losing importance. In today’s production conditions, a large concentration of animals is relatively present in a small area. This situation requires health care at the farm level. It is well known that biosecurity measures in pig farming are necessary and aimed to prevent introduction of pathogens on a commercial farm and also for preventing spreading the infection within the farm itself. Namely, the presence of different breeding diseases of bacterial or viral etiology leads to a decrease in production. That requires additional efforts of farm employees and the use of medicines, and this situation ultimately reduces the economic profit of the farm. It is recognized that key elements in implementing biosecurity are the willingness of farm employees to implement measures that will provide high security with protection against the introduction and spread of pathogens on the farm. Implementation of the measures requires knowledge of the pigs’ health status on the farm. One of the most common risk factors on the farm is purchasing boars, sows or piglets raised with unknown health status. The promotion of good pig health on commercial farms involves usage of different prophylactic measures, in addition to the good breeding selection, the sense of the size of plot, and the way how biotechnological measures are applied in the pig production process.