Significance of coprological examinations in diagnosis of major helminthoses in domestic animals

Abstract

The biggest number of parasitic diseases in our country are caused by helminths. The causes of these diseases differ among each other according to biomorphological characteristics, which consequently accounts for the different nature of the disease that they cause. In order to approach the curbing and treatment of these diseases in animals, it is necessary to make a precise etiological diagnosis. A correct and timely diagnosis secures insight into the episootiological situation concerning the existing parasitic diseases in the studied field. Moreover, it enables an estimate of the health condition of animals, which determines the quality of the production process in cattle breeding. Coprological diagnostic methods are among the direct diagnostic methods and are of great practical importance in diagnosing parasitic diseases, because they are based on the finding of the immediate causes (parasites) in any stage of development. These methods are mostly applied for diagnosis of helminthoses, since the biggest number of helminths is localized in the digestive tract and the communicating organs, which is why their eggs and larvae are eliminated into the outer environment through the feces of the diseased animals.

Najveći broj parazitskih bolesti u našoj zemlji su helmintoze. Uzročnici ovih bolesti razlikuju se međusobno po biomorfološkim osobinama, što ima kao posledicu i različit karakter bolesti koje oni prouzrokuju. Da bi se na adekvatan način pristupilo suzbijanju i lečenju obolelih životinja, neophodno je da se postavi tačna etiološka dijagnoza. Ispravna i na vreme postavljena dijagnoza obezbeđuje uvid u epizootiološku situaciju postojećih parazitskih bolesti, na ispitivanom terenu. Takođe, omogućuje procenu zdravstvenog stanja životinja, od koga zavisi kvalitet proizvodnog procesa u stočarstvu. Metode koprološke dijagnostike ubrajaju se u direktne dijagnostičke metode. One imaju veliki praktični značaj u dijagnostikovanju parazitskih bolesti, zato što se zasnivaju na nalazu samih uzročnika (parazita) u bilo kom razvojnom stadijumu. Ove metode se najviše primenjuju za dijagnostikovanje helmintoza pošto je najveći broj helminata lokalizovan u digestivnom kanalu i organima koji sa njim komuniciraju, usled čega se njihova jaja i larvice fecesom životinja eliminišu u spoljašnju sredinu.