Biologically active compaunds in colostrum and their effect on neonatal piglet growth

Abstract

Colostrum in domestic animals contains numerous bioactive substances like insulin and insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II), epidermal growth factor (EGF), immunoglobulins (Ig), lactoferin (Lf), transferin (Tf) and others. Many of them have distinct functions and stimulate growth and glucose utilization, or have some other, still unknown regulatory function. Bioactive substances influence growth and development of the gastrointestinal tract (GT), and cause many metabolic and endocrine changes in the neonate. Resoption of the bioactive substances from the GT of the neonate could be a specific, receptor dependant, or nonspecific process, and in many cases the exact mechanism(s) have not been completely elucidated. On the other hand there are technological procedures and substances that could effectively increase concentration of some bioactive compounds in the systemic circulation of the neonate. Mineral adsorbent zeolite based on the clinoptilolite could effectively increase blood serum concentrations of some growth factors and hormones, as well as IgG molecules. We are still unaware of the full importance of these technological procedures and products, partly because of very complex additive and/or synergic effects of the different bioactive substances from colostrum on the new borne animals.

Kolostrum svinja sadrži mnogobrojne biološki aktivne materije koje imaju utvrđenu ulogu i deluju kao faktori rasta, hormoni ili imaju druga regulatorna dejstva. Pod uticajem kolostruma u organizmu novorođ ene prasadi nastaje veliki broj metaboličkih i endokrinih promena, a rast i funkcionalno sazrevanje je najviše izraženo u sluzokoži digestivnog trakta. Razvoj ovog organskog sistema modifikovan je delovanjem većeg broja bioaktivnih jedinjanja koja potiču iz kolostruma, ali njihovi efekti za sada nisu sasvim ispitani, niti su dovoljno istraženi mehanizmi resorpcije pojedinih biološki aktivnih jedinjenja. Određenim tehnološkim postupcima i nekim materijama (zeolit, na primer), međutim, može da se pospeši transfer bioaktivnih materija iz kolostruma u cirkulaciju novorođene prasadi, i time izazove porast njihove koncentracije u krvi. Značaj ovih tehnoloških postupaka i supstancija još uvek nije potpuno istražen, kao i mogući sistemski efekti biološki aktivnih materija posle resorpcije iz kolostruma.