Upotreba fitaze pri formulaciji obroka za ishranu monogastričnih životinja u cilju smanjenog ozlučivanja fosfora u spoljašnju sredinu: praktičan pristup

Abstract

Upotreba enzima fitaze u ishrani životinja ima važan nutritivni, ekološki i ekonomski značaj. Danas postoje dva osnovna načina njene primene u praksi: korišćenjem matrica ili dodavanjem “on the top”. S obzirom na prednosti koje pruža krajnjem korisniku, upotreba matrica postaje imperativ u savremenoj stočarskoj proizvodnji. Dobro je poznato da u slučajevima, kada cene nabavnih sirovina (kukuruza, pšenice, masti i neorganskog fosfora – MCP) rastu na tržištu, tada upotreba enzima u hrani postaje ekonomski atraktivnija i pruža korisniku znatno veću dobit u odnosu na početna ulaganja. Bez obzira što proizvođači fitaze preporučuju njenu upotrebu u znatno većim količinama u odnosu na raniju praksu, neophodno je napomenuti da su u pojedinim istraživanjima zapaženi i negativni efekti takve upotrebe (pad proizvodnih rezultata i poremećaji zdravstvenog stanja životinja. Novi tehnološki postupci u proizvodnji fitaze imaju za cilj da navedene probleme prevaziđu, a kroz tzv. „superdoziranje” fitaze upotrebu neorganskog fosfora dodatno smanje, ili ga u potpunosti isključe iz recepture. Ipak, pri svakoj odluci o primeni fitaze neophodno je uzeti u obzir cenu preparata, njegovu optimalnu količinu i uštedu koja se može ostvariti primenom matrice (kroz smanjenje cene recepture, poboljšanje proizvodnih rezulta i zdravstvenog stanja tretiranih životinja).

The use of phytase in animal nutrition has important nutritional, ecological and economic importance. There are two basic ways of its application in practice: through the use of matrices or on top. Considering the unequivocal advantages it provides to the end user, the use of matrices becomes imperative in modern livestock production. It is well known that in all cases when the prices of corn, wheat, fat, and in the case of phytase, especially inorganic phosphorus (MCP), increase in the market, then the use of enzymes in feed becomes more economically attractive and provides the user with a significantly higher return for initial investment. Although the producers of phytase recommend its use in much larger quantities compared to the previous practice, it is necessary to mention that in some studies the negative effects of such use have also been noted (decrease in production results, and in some cases also disturbances in the health of animals). New technological procedures in the production of phytase aim to overcome the aforementioned effects, and through the so-called superdosing of phytase further reduce the use of inorganic phosphorus or even completely excludes it from the feed mixtures. However, with every decision on the application of phytase, it is necessary to take into account the price of the preparation, its optimal amount and the savings that can be achieved by applying the matrix, as well as the effects on the production results and/or the health status of the treated animals.