Concentration of heavy metals in fodder mixes and in tisues swine in intensive breeding conditions

Abstract

Heavy metals cause oxidative stress, including the creation of reactive oxygen species, inhibiting anti-oxidative defense of biological systems through the reduction of glutation, inhibiting sulfhydrillic dependent enzymes, interfere with some essential metals necessary for antioxidative enzyme activity and/or interreact with cellular membranes causing lipid peroxidation. Large numbers of endogenous or exogenous antioxidants have a protective effect against toxic effects of heavy metals. We followed the presence of heavy metals in samples of fodder, serum, parenchymatous organs (kidney, liver, spleen, heart, lungs) and semen of boars at a farm of Landrace pigs maintained in intensive breeding conditions, during the period from 2002 until 2003. We determined the presence of heavy metals (As, Cd, Pb Ni, Cr, Hg) in both fodder and in the other examined samples, in various concentrations. The target organs for the examined heavy metals were in most cases the kidneys and the liver. It was proven that there is a difference in the accumulation of heavy metals depending on the age of the animal, as well as a threat to the reproductive capability of the boars. In order to decrease the presence of heavy metals and reduce the risk of their effects, it is necessaty to subject the fodder mix before utilization to the presence of heavy metals and also other xenobiotics.

Teški metali uzrokuju oksidativni stres uključujući stvaranje reaktivnih kiseoničnih vrsta inhibirajući antioksidativnu odbranu bioloških sistema preko smanjenja glutationa, inhibirajući sulfhidrilne zavisne enzime interferiraju sa nekim esencijalnim metalima neophodnim za antioksidativnu enzimsku aktivnost i /ili interaguju sa ćelijskim membranama, izazivajući lipidnu peroksidaciju. Veliki broj endogenih i egzogenih antioksidanata imaju zaštitno dejstvo od toksičnih efekata teških metala. Na farmi svinja u intenzivnom uzgoju, rase landras, u periodu od 2002. i 2003. godine praćeno je prisustvo teških metala u uzorcima hrane, seruma, parenhimatoznih organa (bubreg, jetra, slezina, srce i pluća) i semena nerastova. Ustanovljeno je prisustvo teških metala (As, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr i Hg) u hrani i u ostalim ispitivanim uzorcima, u različitim koncentracijama. Target organi za ispitivane teške metale u većini slučajeva su bubrezi i jetra. Dokazano je da postoji razlika u akumulaciji teških metala u zavisnosti od starosti jedinke i opasnost na reproduktivnu sposobnost nerastova. Da bi se smanjilo prisustvo teških metala i smanjio rizik od njihovog dejstva potrebno je da se krmna smeša analizira pre upotrebe kako na prisustvo teških metala, tako i na prisustvo drugih ksenobiotika.