Dairy cow herd management

Abstract

Management of high milking cattle embraces and represent feeding control health control, control of milk production, diseases of mammary gland and calf diseases. Basic control begins and comprises all cows and heifers in production and calves and body condition shore is performed. Body shore of dairy cattle should be in range from 1 to 5 preferably 3.25 to 3.5 for optimal production. Firs calving cows should give up to 80 percents of milk produced on a farm. First calving cows which are introduced in production should have higher yearly lactation compared to previous generation in 90 kilos of milk (~200 lb). For dairy farms monitoring of nutrition, genetics selection and heifer upsurge by body weight of 400 kg are fundamental. Heifer programme of control consists of: 1. Upbringing form earliest stage – colostral and milk nutrition, 2. Stage feeding monitoring according to growth phase, 3. Use of genetic superior bulls semen, 4. Monitoring of height, body weight and body shape condition in calving heifers 5. Monitoring heifers number entering into herd. From this programme depends genetic farm improvement and milk quantum in lactation. In our work is given management result in 100 milking cows which is partially carried out on a dairy farm.

Menadžment stada visokomlečnih goveda obuhvata kontrolu ishrane, zdravlja proizvodnje mleka, oboljenja mlečne žlezde i oboljenja mladunčadi. Osnovna kontrola obuhvata sve krave i junice u proizvodnji i telad, a ocenjuje se kondicija grla. Kondicija mlečnih grla treba da bude u skali ocene od 1 do 5 – od 3,25 do 3,5 da bi proizvodnja bila optimalna. Krave prvotelke treba da proizvode i do 80% od ukupne količine mleka na farmi. Prvotelke koje se uvode u proizvodnju treba da imaju veću godišnju mlečnost od prethodne generacije prvotelki – od prethodne generacije junica za oko 90 kg mleka (č200 lb). Za mlečne farme osnovno je praćenje ishrane, genetike, selekcije i razvoja junica do osemenjavanja u telesnoj masi od oko 400 kg. Veoma je važan program veštačkog osemenjavanja junica, njihov razvoj i kontrola. Program kontrole junica obuhvata: 1. Odgoj od faze teladi – ishrane sa kolostrumom i mlekom. 2. Praćenje ishrane po fazama rasta junica, telesni razvoj i kondicija do 400 kg telesne mase. 3. Korišćenje semena bikova koji su genetski superiorni. 4. Praćenje mase, visine i telesne kondicije junica kod telenja. 5. Praćenje broja junica koje ulaze u stado. Od ovog programa zavisi genetski napredak farme i količina mleka u laktaciji muznih krava. U našem radu dat je rezultat menadžmenta na 100 muznih krava, koji smo delimično sproveli na jednoj farmi mlečnih krava.