Salmonellosis in poultry breeding in view of introducing vaccination

Abstract

With the increased demand of consumers for safe poultry products, efficient control of pathogenic microorganisms that cause diseases in humans is becoming the chief challenge in contemporary poultry production. Poultry meat, eggs and related products present the main source of salmonellosis in humans that occurs as a result of the consumption of contaminated food. Any serotype of Salmonella spp. that is not strictly linked to the host is capable of causing gastrointestinal disorders of various degrees in humans. However, according to the World Health Organization (WHO), Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis has been the leading cause of salmonellosis in humans over the past 10 years. One of the available prophylactic measures is resorting to the vaccination of poultry against salmonellosis. Several vaccines against poultry salmonellosis, produced by different manufacturers, have been registered in Serbia. In order for these vaccines to become widely used in our country, it is necessary that the factors in primary poultry production are aquainted with the mechanisms of action of these vaccines, the effects achieved by their implementation, the economic feasibility, and the possibilities for monitoring in keeping with the valid legal regulations. Certainly, vaccination should not be taken as the only method in the prophylaxis of salmonellosis, but as one of the very important methods in a series of biosafety and other measures that should be applied on poultry farms for the successful curbing of salmonellosis infections.

Sa povećanim zahtevima potrošača za bezbednim živinskim proizvodima, efikasna kontrola patogenih mikroorganizama koji izazivaju oboljenja kod ljudi, postaje glavni izazov u savremenoj živinarskoj proizvodnji. Živinsko meso, jaja i proizvodi od njih predstavjaju glavni izvor salmoneloze kod ljudi koja nastaje usled konzumiranja kontaminirane hrane. Bilo koji serotip Salmonella spp. koji nije striktno vezan za domaćina sposoban je da kod ljudi izazove gastrointestinalne poremeć aje različitog stepena. Međutim, po navodima Svetske zdravstvene organizacije (WHO) Salmonella enterica serotip enteritidis je vodeći uzročnik salmoneloze kod ljudi tokom prethodnih 10 godina. Jedna od profilaktičkih mera je i pristupanje vakcinaciji živine protiv salmoneloze. U Srbiji je registrovano nekoliko vakcina protiv salmoneloze kod živine, različitih proizvođača. Da bi ove vakcine ušle u širu primenu u našoj zemlji, neophodno je da proizvođači u primarnoj živinarskoj proizvodnji budu upoznati sa mehanizmima delovanja tih vakcina, efektima koji se postižu njihovom primenom, ekonomskom isplativošću i moguć nošću monitoringa u skladu sa postojećom zakonskom regulativom. Svakako, vakcinaciju ne treba shvatiti kao jedini metod u profilaksi salmoneloze, već kao jedan od veoma važnih metoda u nizu biosigurnosnh i drugih mera koje bi trebalo primenjivati na farmama živine za uspešno suzbijanje salmoneloznih infekcija.