Nutrition specificity of brown hare (Lepus Europaeus) as a cause of the decreased number of population

Abstract

This paper reviews the specific choice of food and feed for brown hare (Lepus Europaeus) in Serbia and Europe, reducing the diversity of flora as a result of the intensification of agriculture, and the impact of these changes in population numbers. Examination of the composition of hare food is done gastric contents microscopy or fresh feces. Studies from Sweden, Austria and Hungary indicate that hare consume dozens species of plants. However, most authors agree that about 50% of meals are only 2-3 plant species. Based on the literature review can be concluded that the intensification of agriculture substantially reduced the diversity of wild plants in farming areas, most authors considered important to reduce the number of hares in Europe. In particular, it highlights the problem of food deficit in the summer, after harvest of winter crops. During that time comes to change the chemical composition of milk or falling energy value of 14.5 KJg-1 (spring) to 11.03 KJg-1 (autumn), which negatively affects the offspring. In contrast, the deficit in the winter diet in most areas is less pronounced, due to the wheat fields. As a solution to these problems according to the establishment of 'green corridor' between the fields under the spruce monocultures, organic vegetable production, control the number of predators and possibly controlled production hare offspring in farm .

U radu je dat pregled specifičnosti ishrane i izbor hraniva za zeca (Lepus europaeus) u Srbiji i Evropi, smanjenje raznovrsnosti flore kao posledica intenzifikacije poljoprivrede, i uticaj navedenih promena na brojnost populacija. Ispitivanje sastava ishrane zeca vrši se mikroskopiranjem želudačnog sadržaja ili svežeg fecesa. Istraživanja iz Švedske, Austrije i Mađarske ukazuju da zec konzumira nekoliko desetina vrsta biljaka. Međutim, većina autora se slaže da oko 50% sastava obroka čine samo 2-3 biljne vrste. Na osnovu pregleda literature može se zaključiti da je intenzifikacija poljoprivrede bitno smanjila raznovrsnost divljih biljnih vrsta u ratarskim područjima, što većina autora smatra značajnijim za smanjenje brojnosti zeca u Evropi. Naročito se ističe problem letnjeg deficita u hrani, nakon ubiranja ozimih kultura. U tom periodu dolazi i do promene hemijskog sastava mleka, odnosno pada energetske vrednosti od 14,5 kJg-1 (proleće) do 11,03 kJg-1 (jesen), što se negativno odražava na podmladak. Nasuprot tome, zimski deficit u ishrani u većini područja nije toliko izražen, zahvaljujući poljima sa pšenicom. Kao rešenje ovih problema navodi se zasnivanje 'zelenih koridora' između polja pod monokulturama, organska biljna proizvodnja, kontrola brojnosti predatora i eventualno, kontrolisana proizvodnja zečića u odgajivalištima. .