Feasibility of non-invasive molecular method for sexing of parrots

Abstract

The aim of this study was to test the feasibility and efficacy of a non-invasive molecular method for gender identification of parrots, using different types of samples and the Chromo Helicase DNA-binding (CHD) gene as a molecular marker. DNA was isolated primarily from feathers and the amplification of the CHD gene was performed using 2550F/2718R primers. In order to compare the reliability of different sources of DNA, we used buccal swab, blood and feces. All sample types exerted successful sexing results with the exception of feces samples where the success rate was 25%. Sexing was successfully determined in 239 birds belonging to 32 species of parrots. In 6 species (Amazona finschi, A. leucocephala, Aratinga aurea, Bamardius zonarius, Coracopsis nigra and Nymphicus hollandicus), 2550F/2718R primers proved to work well for the first time. Species used in this study are on the IUCN red list of threatened species. Furthermore, Amazona finschi, A. leucocephala, Cacatua moluccensis and C. sulphurea are on the list of CITES Apendix I. Since the failure in reproduction is one of the main causes of illegal trafficking of parrots, the non-invasive and universal molecular sexing method we tested may be a very useful tool in the preservation of endangered parrot species.