Naročito opasne zarazne bolesti životinja od značaja za Srbiju i region

Abstract

Poslednjih godina je evidentno pogoršanje epizootiološke situacije naročito opasnih zaraznih bolesti, ne samo u Republici Srbiji i regionu Balkanskog poluostrva već i u celom svetu. Afrička kuga svinja postepeno, ali sigurno osvaja evropski kontinent pa su u 2019. godini Slovačka i Srbija po prvi put zabeležile pojavu ove bolesti. Sa druge strane, neprekidno prisustvo slinavke i šapa, boginja ovaca i boginja koza, kao i širenje kuge malih preživara u Turskoj i van njenih granica, pokazatelji su sve većih zahteva za dobrom organizacijom veterinarske struke naše zemlje. Uz bolest plavog jezika, nodularni dermatitis, afričku kugu svinja i bolest Zapadnog Nila, veterinari su suočeni sa pojavom sve većeg broja novih zaraznih bolesti za koje su potrebna znanja kako bi se one na vreme prepoznale i njihovo širenje zaustavilo. Evidentan je porast broja slučajeva tuberkuloze, bruceloze i drugih bolesti za koje se verovalo da su potpuno pod kontrolom. Veterinari su pod stalnim pritiskom pojave ne samo naročito opasnih zaraznih bolesti koje prete regionu, već i onih za koje se verovalo da su na pragu iskorenjivanja. Izbijanje jedne od najopasnijih zoonoza, groznice doline Rift na francuskom ostrvu Majote, važnoj turističkoj destinaciji, ukazuje na to da ne treba zanemariti ni rizik širenja bolesti uveženim slučajevima, ne samo kod ljudi, već i kod životinja.

EMERGING DISEASES SIGNIFICANT FOR SERBIA AND THE REGION Over the last few years, there has been an apparent deterioration of epizootiological situation especially in case of emerging diseases, not only in the Republic of Serbia and the Balkan peninsula region, but also worldwide. African swine fever has been gradually but surely spreading across Europe. The disease was recorded for the first time in Serbia 22 XLI INOVACIJE ZNANJA VETERINARA Beograd, 2020 and Slovakia, in 2019. On the other hand, continuous presence of foot and mouth disease, capripox and spreading of peste des petit ruminants in and out of Turkey, clearly indicates the importance of good organisation of veterinary profession in our country. Along with blue tongue disease, nodular dermatitis, African swine fever, West Nile fever, veterinarians are facing increasing number of new contagious diseases which requires knowledge to detect them on time and prevent their spreading. Cases of tuberculosis, brucelosis and other diseases, that have been assumed as kept under control, have significantly increased. Veterinarians are under constant pressure not only by a potential outbreak of emerging diseases that might impose the threat to the region, but also of those considered to have been eradicated. Outbreak of one of the most dangerous zoonosis, Rift Valley fever on the French island of Majote, an important touristic destination, shows that we should not neglect the risk of spreading the disease by imported cases, not only in humans but also in animals.