@conference{
author = "Marković, Radmila and Perić, Dejan and Maksimović, Željko and Grdović, Svetlana and Šefer, Dragan",
year = "2023",
abstract = "Kvasac predstavlja nutritivno vredno hranivo koje je bogat izvor proteina visoke
biološke vrednosti, kompleksa vitamina B, minerala u tragovima i mnogih drugih
korisnih materija. Uglavnom je u upotrebi stočni i pivski kvasac.
Suvi stočni kvasac dobija se gajenjem gljivica kvasca (Torula utilisili Saccharomyces
species) na različitim podlogama (melasa, celuloza). Ovakav kvasac sadrži 40-60%
sirovih proteina visoke biološke vrednosti i svarljivosti. Od esencijalnih
aminokiselina bogat je lizinom (3,47%), a sumpornih aminokiselina ima samo
1,14%, što ga razlikuje od animalnih i nekih biljnih proteinskih hraniva.
Najbogatiji je izvor vitamina B kompleksa od svih hraniva. Energetska vrednost
suvog stočnog kvasca je 10,1 MJ/kg hrane. Obično se koristi u ishrani svinja i
živine u količini od 1-7% u smeši.
Suvi pivski kvasac se dobija sušenjem svežeg pivskog kvasca nakon filtracije pivske
čorbe fermentisane kvaščevim gljivicama (Saccharomyces species). Ovakav kvasac
sadrži 40-50% proteina visoke biološke vrednosti i svarljivosti. Energetska
vrednost suvog pivskog kvasca je 7,7 MJ/kg hrane.
Pored ovoga, u hranu za životinje mogu se dodati i žive ćelije kvasca
(Saccharomices cerevisiae) (Live Yeast Cells-LYC) i njihov značaj je višestruk. Žive
ćelije kvasca spadaju u grupu potentnih mikroorganizama koji se koriste kao
dodatak u hrani za životinje i predstavljaju alternativu za antibiotike koji su se
donedavno učestalo koristili u ishrani životinja kao stimulatori rasta. Za ulogu
kvasca kao promotera rasta najzaslužniji je mananoligosaharid, izolovan iz
spoljašnjeg ćelijskog zida kvasca (S. cerevisiae). Dokazano je da se
suplementacijom obroka celim kvascem ili ćelijskim zidom kvasca u količini 1,0-
1,5 g/kg mogu poboljšati performanse rasta i prirasta mesa kod brojlera. Žive ćelije
kvasca poseduju velike količine polisaharida, zajedno sa manozom i glukanima, a
poznata je njihova uloga i u modulaciji imunološkog odgovora organizma u
interakciji sa različitim imunokompetentnim ćelijama. Pored toga, dodavanje
živog kvasca u hranu životinja, može uticati na poboljšanje varenja i apsorpciju
hranljivih materija iz intestinalnog trakta i to: modulacijom strukture creva,
inhibicijom patogenih bakterija i smanjenjem pH vrednosti u crevima (što dovodi
do stvaranja organskih kiselina koje deluju kao zakišeljivači)., Yeast is a nutritionally valuable feed that is a rich source of proteins of high
biological value, vitamin B complex, trace minerals and many other useful
substances. Livestock and brewer's yeast are mainly used.
Dry yeast as feed is obtained by growing yeast fungi (Torula utilis or Saccharomyces
species) on different substrates (molasses, cellulose). This type of yeast contains
40-60% raw proteins of high biological value and digestibility. It is rich in lysine
(3.47%) of essential amino acids, and only 1.14% of sulfur amino acids, which
distinguishes it from animal and some vegetable protein nutrients. It is the richest
source of vitamin B complex of all nutrients. The energy value of dry animal yeast
is 10.1 MJ/kg of feed. It is usually used in the nutrition of pigs and poultry in the
amount of 1-7% in the mixture.
Dry brewer's yeast is obtained by drying fresh brewer's yeast after filtering beer
broth fermented with yeast fungi (Saccharomyces species). This type of yeast
contains 40-50% protein of high biological value and digestibility. The energy
value of dry brewer's yeast is 7.7 MJ/kg.
In addition to this, live yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (Live Yeast Cells-LYC)
can be added to animal feed and their importance is multiple. Live yeast cells
belong to a group of potent microorganisms that are used as an additive in animal
feed and represent an alternative to antibiotics, which until recently were often
used in animal nutrition as growth stimulators. The most important role of yeast
as a growth promoter is mannanoligosaccharide, isolated from the outer cell wall
of yeast (S. cerevisiae). It has been proven that supplementing the meal with whole
yeast or yeast cell wall in the amount of 1.0-1.5 g/kg can improve growth and meat
gain performance in broilers. Living yeast cells possess large amounts of
polysaccharides, together with mannose and glucans, and their role in modulating
the immune response of the organism in interaction with various
immunocompetent cells is known. In addition, the addition of live yeast in feed
can improve digestion and absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract by:
modulating the structure of the intestine, inhibiting pathogenic bacteria and
reducing the pH value in the intestine (which leads to the creation of organic acids
that act as acidifiers).",
publisher = "Banja Luka : Veterinarska komora Republike Srpske",
journal = "28. Godišnje savjetovanje doktora veterinarske medicine Republike Srpske (Bosna i Hercegovina), Trebinje, 15 - 17. jun 2023",
title = "Kvasac u ishrani monogastričnih životinja, Yeast in the nutrition of monogastric animals",
pages = "172-173",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_veterinar_3011"
}
