Epizootiological characteristics of trichinellosis of domestic pigs in the Republic of Srpska

Abstract

Trichinellosis is parasitic disease affecting wildlife, domestic animals and humans, caused by the nematode of the genus Trichinella. Primary infection route is consumption of infected meat, thus trichinellosis represents a considerable health and economic problem. In the Republic of Srpska, the most common source of human infection is the meat of domestic pigs. Since recently, an increasing number of trichinellosis outbreaks have been attributed to consumption of meat of wild animals, which corresponds with the situation in other countries. During the last decade of the 20th century, numerous outbreaks involving large number of infected people have been reported. In the period 2001-2010, 1256 cases of animal trichinellosis were reported, 1166 of which were identified in domestic swine. In the municipality of Bijeljina, 656 cases were reported, which makes 56.26% of the total number of domestic pig infections recorded in the Republic of Srpska. The latest findings about the incidence of various Trichinella species in wild and domestic animals in Europe indicate that, regardless of application of preventive measures such as proper animal management and veterinary control of meat after slaughter, this disease remains the major health problem in this area.

Trihineloza je parazitsko oboljenje različitih vrsta divljih, domaćih životinja i ljudi, prouzrokovano nematodama iz roda Trichinella. Put prenosa bolesti je konzumacija inficiranog mesa, zbog čega trihineloza predstavlja značajan zdravstveni i ekonomski problem. U Republici Srpskoj najčešći izvor infekcije ljudi je meso domaće svinje, a u poslednje vreme sve veći broj epidemija je, kao i u svetu, uzrokovan mesom divljih životinja. Tokom poslednje decenije 20. veka zabeležene su brojne epidemije ljudi sa velikim brojem obolelih. U periodu od 2001. do 2010. godine prijavljeno je 1256 slučajeva trihineloze životinja, od čega 1166 slučajeva trihineloze domaćih svinja. Na teritoriji opštine Bijeljina prijavljeno je 656 slučajeva, odnosno 56,26% od ukupnog broja infekcija domaćih svinja u Republici Srpskoj. Najnovija saznanja o rasprostranjenosti različitih vrsta iz roda Trichinella kod divljih i domaćih životinja Evrope ukazuju da će i pored preduzimanja preventivnih mera, kao što su odgovarajuće držanje životinja i veterinarska kontrola mesa nakon klanja, ovo oboljenje još dugo predstavljati značajan zdravstveni problem na ovom području.