Comparative characteristics of metatarsal bones (Ossa metatarsi) and finger articles (Ossa digitorum pedis seu phalanges digitorum) of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and sheep (Ovis aries) in order to determine animal species

Abstract

Metatarsal bones and finger articles of roe deer and sheep are rarely used for animal identification. In practice there are frequent cases where on a corpse the head and distal parts of the limbs are missing. That is in order to prevent the identification of the bones, by which it is easiest to determine the animal species. For identification of metatarsal bones (Ossa metatarsi) as well as finger articles (Ossa digitorum pedis seu phalanges digitorum) there were used distal parts of hindlimb bones, taken from 6 roe deers and 7 sheep. Afer the separation from the soft tissues, the bones were boiled in an autoclave, and for bleaching and degreasing they were kept in 3% solution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The bones were air dried, and then photographed. In roe deer, four metatarsal bones are developed: the second (Os metatarsale secundum), the third (Os metatarsale tertium), the fourth (Os metatarsale quartum) and the fifth (Os metatarsale quintum). In sheep, the third (Os metatarsale tertium) and the fourth (Os metatarsale quartum) metatarsal bones are developed. Both in roe deer and sheep, the third and the fourth metatarsal bones are fused into one single bone - main metatarsal bone. In sheep, on dorsal and plantar side of these bones there are grooves which are more shallow and wider than in roe deer. In roe deer, hindlimbs have four fingers, and in sheep two. In roe deer there is also the difference in the number of articles on the second and fifth finger. In this animal the second and fifth finger have coalesced the first and second article (Ph1 + Ph2) and the third article(Ph3). Based on the third article of the third and fourth finger, it may be distinguished one an­imal from another. Margo solearis in roe deer is peaky and in sheep it is blunt. In roe deer Processus extensorius is peaky on Margo coronalis, while in shee it is blunt. In the cases when material (fresh meat, blood, hair) necessary for some laboratory methods is missing, there is used the method of animal species determination based on morphological differences between the bones of these two animals. By this method it can be with certainty determined which animal the bones belong to.

Metatarzalne kosti i članci prstiju srne i ovce ređe se koriste za identifikaciju vrste životinja. U praksi su česti slučajevi da na lešu nedostaju glava i distalni delovi ekstremiteta, kako bi se onemogućila identifikacija kostiju, po kojima je najlakše odrediti vrstu životinja. Za ispitivanje metatarzalnih kostiju (Ossa metatarsi) i članaka prstiju (Ossa digitorum pedis seu phalanges digitorum) upotrebljene su kosti distalnog dela zadnjeg ekstremiteta, od 6 srna i 7 ovaca. Posle odvajanja od mekih tkiva, kosti su kuvane u autoklavu, a radi beljenja i odmašćivanja držane su u 3% rastvoru vodonik peroksida (H2O2). Kosti su sušene prirodnim putem na vazduhu, a zatim su fotografisane. U srne su razvijene četiri metatarzalne kosti: druga (Os metatarsale secundum), treća (Os metatarsale tertium), četvrta (Os metatarsale quartum) i peta (Os metatarsale quintum). U ovce je razvijena treća (Os metatarsale tertium) i četvrta (Os metatarsale quartum) metatarzalna kost. Kod srne i ovce treća i četvrta metatarzalna kost su srasle u jednu kost - glavna metatarzalna kost. Kod ovce na dorzalnoj i plantarnoj strani ovih kostiju se nalaze žlebovi, koji su plići i širi nego u srne. Na zadnjem ekstremitetu u srne postoje četiri prsta, a u ovce dva prsta. Razlika postoji u broju članaka drugog i petog prsta u srne. U srne drugi i peti prst se sastoje iz sraslog prvog i drugog članka (Ph1 + Ph2) i trećeg članka (Ph3). Na osnovu trećeg članka, trećeg i četvrtog prsta može se razlikovati jedna životinja od druge. Margo solearis u srne je zašiljen, a u ovce zatupast. Kod srne je zašiljen i Processus extensorius na Margo coronalis, dok je u ovce zatupast. Kada nedostaje materijal (sveže meso, krv, dlaka) potreban za sprovođenje drugih laboratorijskih metoda, onda se koristi metoda određivanja vrste životinja na osnovu morfoloških razlika kostiju srne i ovce. Ovom metodom sa sigurnošću možemo utvrditi kojoj životinji kosti pripadaju.